Antibiotics

Antimicrobial Drugs
• Empiric AB antimicrobial therapy should be initiated based on expected pathogens for a given infection.
• Resistance is increasing among many pathogens (a review of institutional, local, regional, national, global susceptibility trends) Development of empiric therapy regimens.
• Accurate allergy hx
• Pregnancy/ Lactation
• Culture and sensitivity
• Switching from parenteral to oral therapy
• where possible (Many oral agents have
• excellent bioavailability
• Drug interactions
• Renal or Hepatic insufficiency, or both
A- Antibacterial Agents:
1. Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
3. Monobactams
4. Carbapenems
5. Aminoglycosides
6. Vancomycin
7. Fluoroquinolones
8. Macrolide and Lincosamide Antibiotics
9. Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
10. Tetracyclines
B- Antimicrobial Agents, Miscellaneous
C- Antimycobacterial Agents
D- Antiviral Agents
E- Antifungal Agents
A-Antibacterial
Penicillins (PCNs)
• Irreversibly bind PCN-binding proteins in the bacterial cell wall, causing osmotic rupture & death.
• Diminished role today because of acquired resistance in many bacterial species through alterations in PCN-binding proteins or expression of hydrolytic enzymes.
• PCNs Remain among the drugs of choice for Syphilis; group A streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Pasteurella multocida, Actinomyces, some anaerobic infections.






Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis
1. Cycloserine
2. Bacitracin
3. Vancomycin
4. B- lactam

• Pencillins
• Cephalosporines
• Carbenems
• Aztreonam