enzyme

enzymes
Abdulhussien Mahdi Aljebory
College of pharmacy
University of Babylon
what are enzymes: Most enzymes are Proteins (tertiary and quaternary structures)
Act as Catalyst to accelerates a reaction
Not permanently changed in the process
Are specific for what they will catalyze
Are Reusable
End in –ase
-Sucrase
-Lactase
-Maltase


Active Site A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate.

Induced Fit:
A change in the shape of an enzyme’s
active site Induced by the substrate.


What Affects Enzyme Activity?
Three factors:
1. Environmental Conditions

2. Cofactors and Coenzymes

3. Enzyme Inhibitors

1. Environmental Conditions
1. Extreme Temperature are the most dangerous
- high temps may denature (unfold) the enzyme.

2. pH (most like 6 - 8 pH near neutral)
3. Ionic concentration (salt ions)
Optimum pH Values
Enzymes in
the body have an optimum pH of about 7.4.
certain organs operate at lower and higher optimum pH values.
Substrate Concentration
As substrate concentration increases,
the rate of reaction increases (at constant enzyme concentration).

the enzyme eventually becomes saturated, giving maximum activity.